Scaling and root planing is the treatment used to treat periodontal (gum) disease. A plan of treatment is customized for each patient based on the severity of their periodontal condition ranging from early to advanced gum disease. This is evaluated by using digitial X-rays, probing depths and clinical examination to determine treatment needs. Scaling is the removal of plaque and tartar from the teeth and gums.The hygienist will perform this using hand tools or ultrasonic scalers that remove plaque quickly. Root planing is the removal of debris from gums that have moderate to advanced gum disease. The gum area at this point is usually red or swollen and a traditional teeth cleaning is ineffective. The hygienist will usually insert a scaling tool into the gum area to clean any plaque. If the gums are painfully swollen and touching them causes discomfort, your dentist will apply anesthestic to numb the area.